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Denarius S P Q R, Pax and Nemesis
| Issuer | Roman Empire (27 BC - 395 AD) |
|---|---|
| Year | 68-69 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Reverse description | The bold Latin inscription S·P·Q·R is set within the central field, enclosed by a finely rendered oak wreath (corona civica) tied at the base with a decorative ribbon or bow, from which a serpent emerges below. A small round object, possibly a pellet or globule, is visible at the apex of the wreath. The oak wreath, a symbol of civic virtue and the highest Roman military honour, frames the senatorial legend with monumental simplicity. The entire composition is bordered by a beaded inner rim, and the irregular flan edge is consistent with hand-struck production of the period. |
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| Additional information |
Struck in the chaos of 68–69 AD — the Year of the Four Emperors — this denarius belongs to the catastrophic twelve months that followed Nero's suicide, when Galba, Otho, and Vitellius each seized and lost the principate in succession before Vespasian consolidated power. The SPQR reverse type was a deliberate political signal: invoking the authority of the Senate and Roman people at a moment when legitimacy itself was being contested by competing legions across the empire.
Galba's mint at Rome produced this type during his brief tenure. He was murdered in the Forum on January 15, 69 AD.