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Denarius RESTITVTA, Libertas
| Issuer | Roman Empire (27 BC - 395 AD) |
|---|---|
| Year | 68-69 |
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| Value | 1 Denarius |
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| Reverse description | A pileus — the felt cap traditionally awarded to freed Roman slaves, here serving as the primary symbol of liberty — is depicted centrally in the field, flanked on each side by two upright vertical daggers, their hilts rendered as elongated elliptical pommels. The composition is a direct allusion to the Liberators' cause, evoking the imagery associated with the assassination of Julius Caesar and the ideological programme of restored republican freedom. The legend RESTITVTA appears in the lower exergue, proclaiming the restoration of liberty to the Roman people. |
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
Struck under Clodius Macer, the renegade legate of Numidia who broke from Nero in 68 AD and briefly controlled Africa Proconsularis — and with it, Rome's grain supply. Macer never marched on Rome, preferring to strangle it. His coinage, produced at Carthage, is among the rarest of the entire imperial sequence; he was assassinated on Galba's orders before his rebellion could develop further.
The "Libertas Restituta" type belongs to the charged political vocabulary of 68–69, the Year of the Four Emperors, when every claimant wrapped usurpation in the language of republican restoration.