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Denarius - Hadrian P M TR P COS III CLEM, Clementia
| Issuer | Roman Imperial Mint |
|---|---|
| Year | 121-123 |
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| Value | 1 Denarius |
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|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | IMP CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIANVS AVG (Translation: Imperator Caesar Traianus Hadrianus Augustus. Supreme commander (Imperator), Caesar, Trajan Hadrian, emperor (Augustus).) |
| Reverse description | Standing figure of Clementia (Clemency) portrayed in full length, facing left, clad in flowing robes. In her right hand she holds a patera extended over a flaming altar positioned to the left of the figure, and in her left hand she grasps a long sceptre. On some specimens a column appears in the background behind the figure, serving as an architectural element to ground the composition. The legend encircles the design, referencing Hadrian's pontifical, tribunician, and consular titles alongside the personification's name. |
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| Additional information |
Clementia — imperial clemency — was not merely an abstract virtue for Hadrian; it was active policy. Shortly after his accession in 117 AD, he faced an immediate crisis when four former consuls, accused of plotting against him, were executed by the Senate without his authorization. Hadrian spent years afterward distancing himself from those deaths, and the programmatic virtue coinage of his early reign, this issue among them, was part of a deliberate effort to establish a public identity defined by restraint and mercy rather than the punitive autocracy of his final years.