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Denarius - Domitian IMP XXI COS XV CENS P P P, Minerva
| Issuer | Roman Empire (27 BC - 395 AD) |
|---|---|
| Year | 90 |
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| Diameter | 19 mm |
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| Obverse lettering | IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VIIII (Translation: Imperator Caesar Domitianus Augustus Germanicus, Pontifex Maximus, Tribunicia Potestate Nona. Supreme commander (Imperator), Caesar, Domitian, emperor (Augustus), conqueror of the Germans, high priest, holder of tribunician power for the ninth time.) |
| Reverse description | Minerva, helmeted and draped, stands facing left in a martial pose, holding an upright spear in her right hand and a round shield resting on the ground at her side. The goddess is depicted in the Flavian artistic tradition as a guardian deity closely associated with Domitian's personal cult. The reverse legend encircles the field, and the composition is well-centred with the figure occupying the full height of the die. |
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IMP XXI places this coin firmly in 90 AD, the year Domitian consolidated his censorial powers under the title Censor Perpetuus — a move that allowed him to regulate public morals, purge the Senate, and control membership of the equestrian order indefinitely. No previous emperor had held the censorship permanently; it was a constitutional novelty that alarmed the senatorial class and contributed directly to the climate of fear that preceded his assassination in 96 AD.
RIC II.1 #692 is among the more frequently encountered issues of his later reign, struck at Rome in considerable volume.