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Denarius - Domitian IMP XVIII COS XIIII CENS P P P, Minerva
| Issuer | Roman Imperial Mint |
|---|---|
| Year | 88-89 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Laureate head of Domitian facing right, rendered in fine high relief with naturalistic portraiture characteristic of Flavian die engraving. The emperor's features are sharply defined, with the laurel wreath clearly articulated around the brow. The legend runs clockwise in a beaded border encircling the field, beginning at the lower left. |
|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VIII (Translation: Imperator Caesar Domitianus Augustus Germanicus, Pontifex Maximus, Tribunicia Potestate Octava. Supreme commander (Imperator), Caesar, Domitian, emperor (Augustus), conqueror of the Germans, high priest, holder of tribunician power for the eighth time.) |
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Domitian's censorship title — CENS P P P, meaning Censor Perpetuus — was assumed in 85 AD and reflected his increasingly autocratic grip on Roman public morality and senatorial conduct. The title was virtually unprecedented for a living emperor and was met with hostility from the Senate, contributing directly to the atmosphere that produced his assassination in 96 AD. This particular combination of imperial acclamation XVIII and consulship XIIII dates the issue tightly to 88–89, a period bracketing the Saturninus revolt on the Rhine — a legionary uprising Domitian suppressed with enough speed to suggest forewarning.