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Cruzado Calvario 'Pearly circle on obv.' - João III 2nd type, Lisboa
| Issuer | Casa da Moeda de Lisboa |
|---|---|
| Year | 1538-1557 |
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| Shape | Round (irregular) |
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| Obverse description | Central field displays the crowned Portuguese royal arms — a quartered shield bearing the quinas (five escutcheons charged with bezants) and the bordure of castles — enclosed within a distinctive inner circle composed of pellets (the defining 'pearly circle' characteristic of this 2nd type). The crowned shield is rendered in the late Gothic hammered style typical of the Manueline-to-Renaissance transition. A Latin legend surrounds the design between the inner pellet circle and the outer beaded border, reading IOA : III : POR : ET : AL : R : D, identifying the issuer as João III, King of Portugal and the Algarves. |
|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | IOA : III : POR : ET : AL : R : D |
| Reverse description | Central field features a large plain Latin cross (the Cruz de Cristo) extending nearly to the inner legend, its long vertical arm reaching toward the lower edge and its horizontal arm spanning the width of the field, dividing the reverse into four quadrants. The cross is bold and unadorned, characteristic of the Cruzado Calvario type. A Latin legend encircles the cross between the field and the outer beaded border, reading + IN HOC SIGNO VINCES ('In this sign thou shalt conquer'), the Constantinian motto adopted as the devotional theme of the Portuguese cruzado coinage. |
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