As - Augustus CAESAVGVS II VIR CN DOM AMP C VET LANC

Historical Context: This bronze As, struck in Caesaraugusta (modern Zaragoza) between 4 and 3 BC, reflects the Augustan principate's reach into Hispania. Issued under the *duoviri* Gnaeus Domitius Amplus and Quintus Veturius Lancus (CN DOM AMP C VET LANC), it highlights the interplay of imperial authority and local administration. Augustus, likely featured as "CAESAVGVS" on the obverse, used provincial mints to spread his image and provide essential currency for economic stability and legionary support.

Artistry: The artistic execution reflects a Roman provincial style, merging imperial iconography with local interpretations. Specific engravers remain anonymous, but local artisans, trained in Roman traditions, crafted the dies. The obverse typically presents a laureate head of Augustus, symbolizing his authority. The reverse design, featuring the *duoviri*'s names (II VIR) and often a civic symbol, affirmed local identity and the magistrates' legitimacy in coin production.

Technical/Grading: This As, weighing 14.53 grams and measuring 28 millimeters, aligns with standard Augustan bronze specifications. High-points for strike and wear include Augustus's brow, nose, and ear on the obverse, and the central elements of the reverse motif. Provincial bronze issues often exhibit variable strike quality, from sharp to areas of minor off-centering or weakness. The bronze alloy and patination are critical factors in assessing the coin's preservation.