Akce - Dawlat I Giray

Dawlat I Giray's reign coincided with the Khanate's peak as an Ottoman vassal state and an independent military power simultaneously — a tension that shaped even its coinage. The billon akçe issued under his authority followed the Ottoman monetary convention directly, reflecting Crimea's formal subordination while the Khan himself was raiding Moscow's suburbs and burning the city in 1571.

That 1571 raid brought somewhere between 60,000 and 100,000 captives south to Crimean slave markets — the largest single haul in the long history of Tatar raiding into Muscovy.