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Æ29 - Gallienus (sole reign) (C I F S AN CCCXXX)
| Issuer | Sinope (Bithynia and Pontus) |
|---|---|
| Year | 260-261 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Reverse description | Bacchus (Dionysus) depicted standing facing left in full figure at the centre of the field, holding a thyrsus in his left hand and extending a cantharus in his right. A panther, the sacred animal of Dionysus, is shown to the lower left, looking up toward the deity. The composition reflects the Dionysiac religious traditions of the colonial city of Sinope, and the reverse legend records the colony's title and regnal year. The overall rendering is typical of the civic bronze coinage struck at Sinope under Roman imperial authority. |
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| Mint | Sinope, Paphlagonia, modern-day Sinop, Turkey |
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| Additional information |
The inscription C I F S AN CCCXXX marks this coin's date by the local Sinopean colonial era, which began in 45 BC when Julius Caesar refounded the city as Colonia Iulia Felix Sinope — the abbreviation C I F S preserves that Caesarian foundation name three centuries later. Year 330 of that reckoning places the striking precisely in the first year of Gallienus's sole reign, immediately after Valerian I was captured by Shapur I at the Battle of Edessa. Provincial mints across Pontus continued operating with remarkable bureaucratic continuity even as the Roman imperial structure fractured around them.