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Æ28 - Gallienus (sole reign) - C I F S AN CCCXXX
| Issuer | Sinope (Bithynia and Pontus) |
|---|---|
| Year | 260-261 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Reverse description | Sarapis stands facing left with head turned to the right, clad in long robes, holding a tall sceptre in his left hand and raising his right hand in a gesture of benediction or greeting. To the left of the figure stands an altar, and a star appears in the upper left field, serving as a divine or celestial symbol associated with the cult of Sarapis. The reverse legend C I F S AN CCCXXX encircles the design, with the numeral CCCXXX (330) denoting the local civic year of Sinope, dating the issue to 260–261 CE. The type reflects the continued prominence of the Egyptian deity Sarapis in the religious life of Sinope during the Roman imperial period. |
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| Additional information |
The year 260 marked one of the lowest points of the third-century crisis: Valerian had just been captured by Shapur I at the Battle of Edessa, leaving Gallienus to rule alone while simultaneously suppressing at least two usurpers. Provincial mints like Sinope were operating under significant political uncertainty, and the dating formula encoded in the reverse legend — year 330 of the Pontic era, anchored to 297 BC — reflects a civic calendar that the city had maintained continuously through centuries of Roman rule, a quiet assertion of municipal identity that outlasted dozens of emperors.