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Æ27 - Valerian and Gallienus ΕΠΙ ΑΥΡ ΔΑΜΑ ΠΕΡΓΑΜΗΝΩΝ ΠΡΩ Γ ΝΕΩΚ
| Issuer | City of Pergamum (Conventus of Pergamum) |
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| Year | 253-260 |
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| Diameter | 27 mm |
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| Obverse description | Draped and diademed bust of Empress Salonina (Cornelia Salonina Augusta), wife of Gallienus, facing right, with elaborately coiffed hair adorned with a diadem. The effigy is rendered in the provincial Greek style characteristic of the Pergamene mint, with the drapery visible at the truncation. The surrounding Greek legend is disposed around the bust within a beaded border. |
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| Reverse description | Standing figure of Hygieia, goddess of health, depicted facing right in long robes, extending a patera in her right hand from which a large serpent, coiled around her left arm, feeds. The composition is a standard provincial type closely associated with the healing sanctuaries of the region. The encircling Greek legend, disposed around the reverse field within a beaded border, references the local magistrate and the city's prestigious neocorate status. |
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Pergamum's title of "three-time neokoros" — the honor of maintaining three imperial cult temples, encoded in the ΠΡΩ Γ ΝΕΩΚ legend — was fiercely contested among the great cities of Asia Minor. Ephesus and Smyrna were perpetual rivals for precedence, and the Severan period saw repeated appeals to Rome adjudicating which city held the most prestigious temple-wardenship. Striking coins advertising the neokorate was itself a political act, a public assertion of status in that ongoing rivalry.
The magistrate name Aur. Damas places this issue under a local official of likely Aurelian or Antonine civic family lineage. The joint reign of Valerian and Gallienus ended abruptly with Valerian's capture by Shapur I at Edessa in 260.