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Æ25 - Trajan ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ
| Issuer | Koinon of Bithynia (Bithynia and Pontus) |
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| Year | 98-117 |
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| Reference(s) | RPC III#1133 |
| Obverse description | Laureate bust of Emperor Trajan facing right, with paludamentum visible at the shoulder truncation. The effigy displays the characteristic strong profile of Trajan as rendered in provincial Greek coinage of the Bithynian koinon. The circular Greek legend surrounds the portrait, distributed around the full circumference of the flan. The style is consistent with provincial bronze coinage of the early second century AD, with a naturalistic treatment of the laurel wreath. |
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| Obverse lettering | ΑΥ ΝΕΡ ΤΡΑΙΑΝΟΣ ΚΑΙΣΑΡ ΣΕ ΓΕΡ Δ(Α) (Translation: Emperor Nerva Trajan Caesar Augustus Germanicus Dacicus) |
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The Koinon of Bithynia — the provincial league of cities operating under Roman oversight — issued coins like this one to project intra-regional harmony during a period when Trajan was actively extracting resources and loyalty from the eastern provinces for his Dacian and Parthian campaigns. The Greek ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ (homonoia) on provincial bronzes was rarely idle political decoration; it typically commemorated a formal concord agreement between rival cities, often brokered under Roman pressure to suppress factional conflict that disrupted tax collection and troop supply.
Pliny the Younger served as Trajan's special legate in Bithynia-Pontus from around 109–111 AD, his letters to Trajan surviving as the most detailed administrative record we have of any Roman province in this period.