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Æ24 - Caligula ΜΑΛΛΩΤΩΝ
| Issuer | Mallus (Cilicia) |
|---|---|
| Year | 37-41 |
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| Shape | Round (irregular) |
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| Obverse description | Laureate head of the emperor Caligula (attributed), facing left, rendered in moderate relief with a plain truncation at the shoulder. The portrait displays the characteristic short hair and sharp facial features associated with early Julio-Claudian provincial portraiture. A dotted border runs along the coin's periphery. No legend is present on the obverse, consistent with the civic bronze coinage of Mallus in Cilicia under Roman imperial oversight. |
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
Mallus was one of the oldest Greek colonies in Cilicia, reputedly founded by the seer Amphilochus after the Trojan War — a mythological pedigree the city exploited heavily in its civic coinage. Under Caligula, Cilicia was not yet a Roman province in the full administrative sense; the region operated under a patchwork of client kingdoms and autonomous city arrangements that gave municipalities like Mallus unusual latitude in striking their own bronze civic issues.
The city had a long-running dispute with neighboring Tarsus over harbor revenues, a conflict serious enough that Augustus himself had to arbitrate it decades earlier.