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Æ21 - Augustus EX D D
| Issuer | Roman Colonial Mint of Sinope |
|---|---|
| Year | 10 BC - 9 BC |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Bare head of Augustus facing right, rendered in the classicizing portrait style characteristic of early Imperial provincial coinage. The effigy displays the emperor's idealized features without laurel wreath or diadem. A Latin colonial legend surrounds the portrait, reading C I F AN XXXVII, referring to the Colonia Iulia Felix Sinopensis and the colony's regnal year XXXVII. The flan is irregular and the surfaces show significant wear consistent with circulation. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Additional information |
Sinope, the Black Sea port that had served as the capital of the Pontic kingdom under Mithradates VI, was refounded as a Roman colony by Julius Caesar in 47 BC — one of his earliest colonial foundations in the east. The abbreviation EX D D in the exergue indicates the coin was struck ex decreto decurionum, by decree of the local senate, confirming that colonial magistrates retained formal authority over bronze issues even as imperial iconography dominated the obverse.