Catalog
See full images - free registration
Continue with Google - no registration!
or register with email
Why register? Just to keep bots out of our catalog. Your email stays private - we will never share it or send you anything uninvited. We guarantee you that!
Æ21 - Augustus EX D D
| Issuer | Sinope (Bithynia and Pontus) |
|---|---|
| Year | 5 BC - 4 BC |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Log in to see details |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
| Shape | Round (irregular) |
| Technique | Log in to see details |
| Orientation | Log in to see details |
| Engraver(s) | Log in to see details |
| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
| Reference(s) | Log in to see details |
| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Reverse description | Confronted jugate or facing busts of Gaius Caesar and Lucius Caesar, Augustus's grandsons and designated heirs, both rendered bare-headed in youthful profile facing one another in the field. The pairing of the two princes on this provincial issue reflects the imperial succession programme promoted throughout the Roman world ca. 5–4 BC. The legend EX D D (Ex Decreto Decurionum — by decree of the local senate) appears in the lower field, attesting that the issue was authorised by the colonial council of Sinope. |
| Reverse script | Latin |
| Reverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Edge | Log in to see details |
| Mint | Log in to see details |
| Mintage | Log in to see details |
| Additional information |
Sinope's status as a Roman colony — formally established by Julius Caesar in 45 BC — meant its civic coinage carried the authorizing legend EX D D, shorthand for ex decreto decurionum, "by decree of the town council." That formula was a colonial formality, not a gesture of autonomy; the decurions were largely rubber-stamping issues within parameters Rome permitted. Sinope had been one of the Black Sea's dominant Greek trading ports for centuries before Caesar refounded it, and the colony inherited that commercial infrastructure wholesale.