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Æ16 - Augustus EX D D
| Issuer | Sinope (Bithynia and Pontus) |
|---|---|
| Year | 25 BC - 24 BC |
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| Composition | Leaded bronze |
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| Obverse description | Bare head of Augustus facing right, rendered in the classicizing portrait style typical of early Augustan provincial coinage. The emperor's effigy is depicted with idealized features, short hair rendered in fine strands, and a strong profile. The legend C I F AN XXII appears in the field, referencing the colonial identity of Sinope and the colony's year of foundation. The flan is irregular and slightly off-center, consistent with hand-struck provincial bronze coinage of this period. |
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| Mintage | ND (25 BC - 24 BC) |
| Additional information |
Sinope's status as a Roman colony — formally established by Julius Caesar in 45 BC — gave its civic coinage an unusual character: Latin legends, Roman magistrates, and the colonial abbreviation COL IVL FEL on issues that otherwise circulated in a predominantly Greek-speaking region. The EX D D formula, short for ex decreto decurionum, records that this piece was struck by explicit vote of the town council, a procedural detail that distinguishes colonial civic issues from imperially mandated production. Sinope's position on the Black Sea made it a key supply node for Roman operations along the Pontic frontier.