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Æ Fals -al-Ẓāhir Khushqadam Burji dynasty
| Issuer | Mamluk Sultanate |
|---|---|
| Year | 1461-1467 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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|---|---|
| Obverse script | Arabic |
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| Reverse description | The reverse of this hammered copper fals is struck on the same irregular flan and displays a multi-line Arabic inscription in Naskh script, partially legible due to characteristic die misalignment and flan irregularity common to Mamluk base-metal coinage. The central field appears to bear the mint name Halab (Aleppo) along with additional formulaic text, rendered in bold strokes with no surrounding border or decorative elements. The surface exhibits considerable wear and a dark brown patina overlying the original copper fabric, typical of circulated Mamluk fulus from Syrian provincial mints. |
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| Additional information |
Khushqadam was one of the few Burji sultans who came to power without immediately triggering a countercoup — his reign of roughly six years was, by Mamluk standards, a period of relative internal stability. The copper fals denominations issued under his name circulated primarily in Syrian and Egyptian markets where silver coinage had effectively been driven out of small transactions by decades of debasement and hoarding.
Album 1022 encompasses considerable die variation within the type. Attributing individual specimens precisely within the reign remains difficult without cross-referencing mint name placement against documented die studies.