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8 Reales - Felipe II
| Issuer | Casa de Moneda de México (Mexico City Mint) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1556-1598 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Real (1535-1897) |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
| Shape | Log in to see details |
| Technique | Log in to see details |
| Orientation | Log in to see details |
| Engraver(s) | Log in to see details |
| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Reverse description | Log in to see details |
| Reverse script | Log in to see details |
| Reverse lettering | HISPANIARVM ET INDIARVM REX |
| Edge | Log in to see details |
| Mint | Log in to see details |
| Mintage | Log in to see details |
| Additional information |
Felipe II never set foot in the Americas, yet his monetary policy shaped its economy for two centuries. The Mexico City Mint — the first operating mint in the Western Hemisphere, established 1535 — produced these cobs under assayer oversight so inconsistent in the early Felipe II period that weight and fineness varied enough to prompt a royal investigation in 1572. Several assayers faced criminal proceedings; at least one was executed.
The macuquina striking method, hand-hammered on irregular planchets, means no two pieces are identical. Dies were cut locally, not sent from Spain.