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8 bolognini - Albéric II
| Issuer | Massa-Carrara, Duchy of |
|---|---|
| Year | 1662-1665 |
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| Currency | Lira |
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| Obverse description | Draped and armored bust of Alberico II Cybo Malaspina facing right, set within a beaded inner circle. The effigy presents the prince in period military dress with drapery over the shoulder. A continuous Latin legend encircles the bust within the beaded border, identifying the ruler by name and title. |
|---|---|
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
Albéric II ruled Massa-Carrara under Spanish suzerainty, a small Tuscan duchy that punched well above its weight in coin production relative to its territory and population. This issue falls within a three-year window bracketed by dynastic pressure from both Spanish Milan and the Este of Modena, neighbors who had every interest in absorbing the enclave. The bolognino denomination itself was a northern Italian accounting unit that had long outlived the city-state monetary systems that spawned it, persisting in peripheral duchies precisely because larger powers had little incentive to enforce standardization on jurisdictions this small.