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50 Céntimos Torrevelilla
| Issuer | Colectividad de Torrevelilla |
|---|---|
| Year | 1937 |
| Type | Emergency banknote |
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| Obverse description | Typeset letterpress note printed in black on plain paper, enclosed within a double rectangular border with ornamental scroll and dot motifs at the corners and along the edges. The issuer name "COLECTIVIDAD" arches across the upper centre in large spaced capitals, with "TORREVELILLA" set below in smaller type and the denomination "50 Céntimos" in bold display lettering at centre. The denomination value "0'50" appears in each corner, a small decorative ornament separates the issuer text from the denomination, and the series designation "SERIE B." is centred along the lower border; a circular violet validation stamp is visible at the right. |
|---|---|
| Obverse lettering | 0'50 COLECTIVIDAD TORREVELILLA 50 Céntimos De curso obligatorio en la localidad y canjeable en Depositaría. Junio, 1937 SERIE B. (Translation: Collectivity Torrevelilla 50 Centimos Mandatory legal tender in the locality and redeemable at the Depository. June, 1937 Series B.) |
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| Comments |
Torrevelilla is a small municipality in Teruel, Aragon — one of hundreds of villages that issued their own emergency paper money during the Spanish Civil War after the Republic's coin shortage became acute in 1936–37. The Colectividad issuing this note was not a municipal government but a collectivized workers' organization, one of many anarchist or socialist collectives that effectively ran local economies in Republican-held Aragon during this period. That distinction matters: this is not civic scrip but a product of libertarian collective administration, valid within a specific community that had reorganized itself outside conventional market structures.
Survival rates for these village issues vary wildly. Torrevelilla fell within the Aragon front's contested zone, and much locally-held paper was lost or destroyed as the front shifted.