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5 Pesos
| Issuer | Mindanao Emergency Currency Board |
|---|---|
| Year | 1945 |
| Type | Standard circulation banknote |
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| Obverse description | The obverse bears a central text panel with the Treasury Emergency Currency Certificate legend, issued by authority of the President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, Series 1945, with a redemption clause and serial number in black. A circular red seal of the Commonwealth of the Philippines is affixed to the left, while the denomination '5 PESOS' appears in the upper and lower borders alongside numeral '5' corner pieces within a decorative foliate frame. Three manuscript signatures of board members appear across the lower portion, identified as Member, Chairman, and Member of the Mindanao Emergency Currency Board. |
|---|---|
| Obverse lettering | FIVE PESOS Treasury Emergency Currency Certificate BY AUTHORITY OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF THE PHILIPPINES SERIES 1945 This certifies that the Commonwealth Government of the Philippines will redeem this Certificate at face value upon termination of Emergency FIVE PESOS MINDANAO EMERGENCY CURRENCY BOARD Member Chairman Member |
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| Comments |
The Mindanao Emergency Currency Board was one of several provincial guerrilla currency authorities that operated in the southern Philippines during the Japanese occupation. These notes were produced under genuinely difficult conditions — limited materials, no professional printing infrastructure, and the constant risk of discovery. The Mindanao issues are among the more organizationally coherent of the Philippine emergency series, reflecting the relatively strong guerrilla command structure that persisted in the south through 1944 and into 1945.
By the time this 1945 note was issued, American forces had already returned to Leyte. The currency served as much as a statement of continued civil authority as a transactional instrument.