Catalog
| Issuer | India - British |
|---|---|
| Year | 1600-1601 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
| Value | 4 Testerns = 4 Reales |
| Currency | Testern (1600-1601) |
| Composition | Silver (.925) |
| Weight | 13.7 g |
| Diameter | 35 mm |
| Thickness | |
| Shape | Round |
| Technique | |
| Orientation | |
| Engraver(s) | |
| In circulation to | |
| Reference(s) | KM#T3, Sp#2607B |
| Obverse description | Crowned Royal shield of arms, flanked by crowned `ER` |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
| Obverse lettering |
ELIZABETH • DG : ANG : FR : ET • HIB : REGINA (Translation: Elizabeth by the Grace of God Queen of England France and Ireland) |
| Reverse description | Crowned Portcullis with chains |
| Reverse script | Latin |
| Reverse lettering |
POSVI • DEVM • ADIVTOREM • MEVM • (Translation: I have made God my helper) |
| Edge | |
| Mint | |
| Mintage |
ND (1600-1601) O - - |
| Numisquare ID | 3888922840 |
| Additional information |
Historical Context: Issued 1600-1601, this 4 Testerns coin marks a pivotal moment in British imperial history under Elizabeth I. Its striking coincided with the 1600 chartering of the British East India Company, signifying the nascent stages of British expansion into India. Intended for trade, this coinage demonstrated the Crown's authority and commercial ambition in establishing an economic presence on the subcontinent during the twilight of Elizabeth's illustrious reign.
Artistry: Adhering to the late Tudor English Renaissance style, the design reflects the skilled, though largely anonymous, artisans of the Royal Mint. The obverse typically presents a dignified, crowned bust of Elizabeth I, adorned with ruff and regalia, embodying royal majesty. The reverse commonly features the royal arms, quartering France and England, encircled by Latin legends. This standard heraldic motif and regal portraiture convey the monarch's authority and the aesthetic preferences of the era.
Technical/Grading: Struck in .925 silver, weighing 13.7 grams with a 35mm diameter, this coin exhibits typical early 17th-century minting characteristics. High-points prone to wear on the obverse include Elizabeth's crown, ruff folds, and hair. On the reverse, the lions' faces and royal arms' crowns are most vulnerable. Strike quality varies; expect potential planchet imperfections, slight off-center strikes, and inconsistent pressure, especially at the broad flan's periphery, reflecting the limitations of hammer striking technology.