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4 Reales - Carlos IV Numeral IIII, Carlos III portrait
| Issuer | Casa de Moneda de México |
|---|---|
| Year | 1790 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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|---|---|
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| Reverse lettering | ·HISPAN·ET IND·REX·M·4R·F·M· |
| Edge | Reeded |
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| Additional information |
The "IIII" numeral on this piece is not a minting error or engraver's lapse — it reflects the longstanding Spanish royal convention of rendering Charles IV as "CAROLUS IIII" rather than "IV," a practice rooted in medieval Latin epigraphy that persisted on Spanish colonial coinage well into the nineteenth century. What makes 1790 specifically interesting is the transitional circumstance: Carlos III died in December 1788, yet Mexican mint production continued striking his portrait under the new king's name and regnal numeral through 1790 and into 1791 while updated portrait punches were being prepared and approved in Madrid.
These transitional issues were entirely official, authorized by the Casa de Moneda under standing royal orders.