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4 Reales - Carlos II
| Issuer | Casa de Moneda de Colombia |
|---|---|
| Year | 1666-1701 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Real (1616-1820) |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
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| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Reverse description | Two crowned Pillars of Hercules, representing the legendary boundary of the known world, flank a central device with undulating waves below symbolizing the seas. The motto PL VS OL M, an abbreviated form of the classical PLUS ULTRA, appears between and around the pillars. A date (partially visible, as 1676 on example specimens) and assayer initials are present in the field. The entire central device is enclosed within a beaded inner circle, with the legend HISPANIARVM running along the outer border of the irregularly shaped hammered flan. |
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| Edge | Log in to see details |
| Mint | Log in to see details |
| Mintage | 1666 SF PoR - - 1667 SF PoR - - 1668 SF PoR - - 1669 SF POR - - 1676 SF OLM - - 1678 SF PG - - 1680 SF PoGA - - 1690 SF PG - - 1692 SF VA - - 1693 SF Arce - - 1693 SF VA - - 1700 SF Arce - - 1701 SF VA - - |
| Additional information |
Carlos II ascended the Spanish throne in 1665 at age four, and the Colombian mints operated throughout his reign under the perpetual dysfunction of a regency government in Madrid. The Santa Fe de Bogotá mint, which struck this type, was notorious in the late seventeenth century for the cob (macuquina) production method that defined New World silver of this period — planchets hand-cut from silver bars, weighed individually, then struck with hand-held dies under no mechanical consistency whatsoever.
Assayer initials on this issue are the primary tool for dating within the reign's span. The Hernández references 242–245 reflect distinct assayer periods rather than design differences.