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4 Kreuzers Meat, Landmark Money, Böckstein

Issuer Salzburg, Bishopric of
Year 1641
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Shape Round
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Obverse description The upper field displays the monogram F·I·P with the date 1641 flanking it on either side, struck in large incuse characters. Below, the denomination in Roman numerals IIII occupies the central field, flanked on each side by a decorative rosette or quatrefoil ornament. In the lower portion of the field, a recumbent ox or cow is depicted in low relief, facing right. The overall design is plain and utilitarian, consistent with a local meat-market token of the mid-17th century.
Obverse script Latin
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Additional information

Böckstein was a mining settlement in the Gastein Valley, and the "Landmark Money" designation reflects a local scrip tradition tied to the salt and ore trade rather than general monetary circulation. These copper pieces functioned as a controlled medium within a defined economic zone — the bishopric issuing them had every incentive to keep value, and labor, from leaking across jurisdictional borders. The "Meat" denomination is not decorative nomenclature; it indicates the commodity against which this token's purchasing power was pegged or redeemable within the local provisioning system.

Archbishop Paris Lodron, who governed Salzburg from 1619 to 1653, oversaw a remarkable expansion of such localized monetary instruments during the Thirty Years' War, when disruption to broader coinage supply made internal scrip politically and logistically necessary.

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