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4 Heller - John George of Hallwyl
| Issuer | Bishopric of Constance |
|---|---|
| Year | 1601-1603 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Central field displays an oval baroque cartouche bearing the arms of the Bishopric of Constance, consisting of a plain cross. Above the shield, the abbreviated episcopal legend G. 4. E. (Georgius Episcopus) denotes the issuing bishop, Johann Georg von Hallwyl. The entire composition is encircled by a laurel wreath in relief, lending the design a formal ecclesiastical character typical of early seventeenth-century German ecclesiastical coinage. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Additional information |
John George of Hallwyl served as Prince-Bishop of Constance from 1601 until his death in 1603 — one of the shortest episcopates in the see's history. These copper heller were struck under his authority during a period when the diocese was navigating the slow administrative pressures of the Counter-Reformation in southwestern Germany. The Bishopric of Constance was at the time the largest diocese in the German-speaking world by geographic extent, stretching from Alsace to Tyrol, which made even minor copper issues politically freighted as assertions of territorial jurisdiction.