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4 Denarius - Domitian IMP XXI COS XVI CENS P P P, Minerva
| Issuer | Roman Imperial Mint |
|---|---|
| Year | 92 |
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| Technique | Hammered |
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| Obverse description | Laureate bust of Domitian facing right, draped at the shoulder, with the aegis visible at the truncation. The emperor's portrait is rendered in the confident, somewhat idealized style characteristic of Flavian imperial coinage. A beaded border frames the design. The circumferential legend reads IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P XI, distributed around the full periphery of the field. |
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| Obverse lettering | IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P XI (Translation: Imperator Caesar Domitianus Augustus Germanicus, Pontifex Maximus, Tribunicia Potestate Undecima. Supreme commander (Imperator), Caesar, Domitian, emperor (Augustus), conqueror of the Germans, high priest, holder of tribunician power for the eleventh time.) |
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Domitian's accumulation of imperial salutations — IMP XXI by this point — reflects the sustained Rhine frontier campaigns against the Chatti and Dacians through the late 80s and early 90s AD, though ancient sources, hostile to his memory, disputed the legitimacy of several of these acclamations. His sixteenth consulship and the censorial title mark him at the height of his constitutional consolidation, exercising permanent censorial power from 85 AD onward, an unprecedented move that allowed him to control senatorial membership directly.
After his assassination in 96 AD, the Senate voted damnatio memoriae, and official recycling of Domitianic silver was ordered — a factor in this type's relative scarcity today.