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3 Roubles Grozny - Azov-Don Commercial Bank
| Issuer | Azov-Don Commercial Bank, Grozny Branch |
|---|---|
| Year | 1918 |
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| In circulation to | 1 July 1918 |
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|---|---|
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| Reverse description | The reverse carries a circular bank stamp at upper left and typewritten text in Cyrillic confirming acceptance by the bank and equivalence with credit notes. The date of issue, 9 СЕН. 1918, is handwritten in the date line. Below, the issuing authority is restated as Азовско-Донской Коммерческiй Банкъ, Грозненское Отдѣленiе, with two handwritten signatures identified by the printed titles Управляющий (Manager) and Бухгалтер (Accountant). |
| Reverse lettering | Акцептованъ банкомъ и имѣетъ хожденiе наравнѣ съ кредитными билетами. Чекъ дѣйствителенъ до 1-го iюля 1918 г. Грозный, 9 СЕН. 1918 1918 г. Азовско-Донской Коммерческiй Банкъ. Грозненское Отдѣленiе Управляющiй Бухгалтеръ |
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| Comments |
The Azov-Don Commercial Bank was one of the largest commercial banks in pre-revolutionary Russia, with its main office in Rostov-on-Don and branches across the Caucasus. The Grozny branch issued emergency fractional notes in 1918 amid the near-total collapse of currency supply in the North Caucasus — a region simultaneously contested by Bolshevik forces, the Volunteer Army, and local nationalist governments. Commercial banks, oil companies, and municipal bodies all printed their own obligations that year, and Grozny, as a significant oil-producing center, had enough commercial infrastructure to sustain the practice briefly.
The Azov-Don Bank itself was nationalized by Soviet decree in late 1917, making this 1918 branch issue something of a legal anomaly — produced by an institution that had already been formally dissolved at the national level.