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3 Groshen - Gábor Bethlen
| Issuer | Oppeln-Ratibor, Duchy of |
|---|---|
| Year | 1623 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Crowned and draped bust of Gábor Bethlen facing right, wearing a ruffled collar and an ornate crown, rendered in the bold relief typical of early 17th-century hammered coinage. The effigy displays a bearded portrait with visible facial detail. A circular Latin legend surrounds the bust, abbreviated as GAB D G SAC RO IM TRA PR, identifying Gabriel Bethlen by his titles as Prince of the Holy Roman Empire and Transylvania. The legend reads continuously around the coin's periphery within the irregular round flan. |
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| Obverse lettering | GAB D G SAC RO IM TRA PR (Translation: Gabriel, by God`s grace Prince of the Holy Roman Empire and Transylvania) |
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Bethlen struck coinage across a patchwork of mints as his political footing shifted — Oppeln and Ratibor were ceded to him by Emperor Ferdinand II in 1622 as part of the Peace of Nikolsburg, a territorial concession designed to neutralize his military threat from the east. The arrangement was inherently temporary, and both duchies reverted to Habsburg control within a few years of his death in 1629.
Issues from Oppeln-Ratibor are scarcer than Bethlen's Hungarian and Transylvanian output, reflecting the brevity of his administration there. The ÉH#19 attribution places this among the earliest documented types from that mint under his authority.