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20 Pesos Oro Legal

Issuer Banco de Caldas
Year 1919
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Currency Peso (1837-1931)
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Obverse description Blue and multicolour note with a guilloche underprint. At centre-left, a large numeral '20' is set within an intricate lathe-work oval vignette, while to the right an intaglio portrait of a gentleman in period dress is contained within an oval frame. The upper portion carries the bank title 'EL BANCO DE CALDAS' in bold letterpress, with a header inscription referencing the Sección Hipotecaria and the contract with the government of the Republic of Colombia under Law 24 of 1905. A central text panel states the obligation to pay the bearer twenty Pesos Oro Legal at five percent annual interest, with the imprint 'AMERICAN BANK NOTE COMPANY' at the lower margin.
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Reverse description Printed in brown on white paper, the reverse is dominated by two large numeral '20' vignettes set within elaborate guilloche scrollwork at left and right. A central panel headed 'BANCO DE CALDAS' and 'CONDICIONES' presents the bond conditions in three numbered clauses relating to the guarantee of capital and interest, payment to the bearer, and the Sección Hipotecaria's obligations. The overall design is enclosed within a decorative border of fine lathe-work, with the imprint 'AMERICAN BANK NOTE COMPANY' at the lower margin.
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Comments

Banco de Caldas was a regional Colombian issuing bank based in Manizales, operating under the country's decentralized banking regime before the Banco de la República was established in 1923 and effectively ended private note issue. This 20 Pesos Oro Legal belongs to that final window of regional banking authority — notes like this were already obsolete in concept before the ink dried.

The American Bank Note Company contract work for Colombian regional banks was extensive during this period, with plates often sharing engraved elements across multiple client institutions. Worth checking whether this series shares any plate geometry with contemporaneous ABNC issues for neighboring Colombian departmental banks.

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