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20 Mil Réis 1932 Revolution Bonus, 2nd. Print
| Issuer | Thesouro do Estado de São Paulo |
|---|---|
| Year | 1932 |
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| Composition | Paper |
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| Obverse description | Printed in green and yellow using a combination of intaglio (calcography) and lithography, the obverse presents an oval vignette to the right containing a portrait of Marshal Manuel Luís Osório (1808–1879), Marquis of Erval, with the Arabic numeral '20' repeated at left and in multiple border positions. The central text panel carries the full bearer bond obligation in period Portuguese, including the authorizing decree reference (No. 5585 of 14 July 1932), with the printer's imprint at the foot. An anonymous manuscript conference signature appears below the main text block. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Executed in lithography in green and light pink, the reverse is a comparatively plain design centered on a three-line inscription within a bordered panel, flanked symmetrically by the denomination numeral '20' on both the left and right sides. The restrained layout reflects the emergency wartime-issue nature of this Constitutionalist Revolution bonus. |
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| Comments |
Issued by the São Paulo state treasury to fund the Constitutionalist Revolution of 1932 — the armed uprising against Getúlio Vargas's provisional government — these "bônus" were emergency obligations, not bank notes in any conventional sense. The state was financing a war against the federal government using its own paper, a situation that lasted roughly three months before São Paulo's forces surrendered in October.
The second print designation matters: demand outpaced the initial run, and Companhia Melhoramentos, better known as a publisher and paper manufacturer, was pressed into a second production cycle. Finding a local printer capable of the work under wartime conditions was itself a constraint.
Redemption after the defeat was uncertain, and many holders had little recourse.