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20 Dollars

Issuer Confederate States of America
Year 1861
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Value 20 Dollars
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Obverse description Vignette of a sailor leaning on a capstan at lower left, with a sailing ship at upper centre. Denomination and issuer inscriptions frame the design, printed by either H & L or J.T. Paterson depending on variant.
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Variants P#31a - Printer: H & L
P#31b - Printer: J.T. Paterson
Comments

The Confederate States issued multiple $20 denominations through 1861, and P#31 sits within a particularly chaotic period of that output — before the Richmond government had established centralized printing authority. Early Confederate notes were produced by several competing Southern lithographers and bank-note firms, since the naval blockade made contracting with established Northern or European security printers effectively impossible from the outset.

Cotton paper was a practical necessity as much as a regional statement. The South's mill infrastructure was limited, and paper supply became a genuine constraint on note production as the war dragged on. By 1864 the quality had degraded sharply; 1861 issues are generally on noticeably more substantial stock.

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