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20 000 000 000 Mark
| Issuer | Kreisgemeinde Pfalz (District Community of the Palatinate) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1923 |
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| Currency | Mark (1914-1924) |
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| Obverse description | Brown letterpress Notgeld on plain paper, framed by a multi-line zigzag border. At upper centre, the issuer legend 'NOTGELDSCHEIN DER KREISGEMEINDE PFALZ' is set above a starburst vignette bearing the large numeral '20'. To the right, a block of Gothic-script text sets out the redemption and liability conditions. The denomination 'Zwanzig Milliarden Mark' is printed in bold Gothic script across the centre, with the place and date 'SPEYER den 1. Oktober 1923' and the issuer name 'KREISGEMEINDE PFALZ' below. A red overprint panel at left reads 'Umlauffähig im ganzen Regierungsbezirk Pfalz. Gültig bis zum 1. April 1924', with a red serial number above centre. |
|---|---|
| Obverse lettering | NOTGELDSCHEIN DER KREISGEMEINDE PFALZ 20 Zwanzig Milliarden Mark SPEYER den 1. Oktober 1923 KREISGEMEINDE PFALZ Umlauffähig im ganzen Regierungsbezirk Pfalz. Gültig bis zum 1. April 1924 Für diesen Notgeldschein haftet das gesamte Vermögen der Kreisgemeinde. Derselbe wird von sämtlichen Kassen der Reichsbank in Zahlung genommen. Dieser Notschein wird ungültig, wenn er nicht innerhalb eines Monats nach erfolgter Bekanntmachung bei den veröffentlichten Einzugsstellen eingereicht wird. |
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| Comments |
The Palatinate's district administration issued this note at the absolute peak of Germany's hyperinflationary collapse — by the time twenty-billion-mark denominations were necessary for routine transactions, the Reichsbank's own supply chains had broken down entirely, forcing regional and municipal bodies across Germany to print their own emergency money, the so-called Notgeld. The Kreisgemeinde Pfalz was one of hundreds of such issuers scrambling to keep commerce moving in late 1923.
Speyer, as the administrative seat of the Palatinate, was the logical print location. The French occupation of the Rhineland, ongoing since 1923, added a particular political wrinkle — local authorities were printing currency under the watch of a foreign military administration that had its own competing monetary agenda for the region.