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2 Reales - Felipe II Cuenca

Issuer Spain
Year 1566-1588
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Currency Real (1497-1833)
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Obverse description Central crowned quartered shield of the Spanish royal arms, displaying castles of Castile, lions of León, the arms of Aragon, and the pomegranate of Granada, with a small escutcheon of Austria-Burgundy at the fess point. The Cuenca mintmark 'C' appears to the left of the shield and the denomination mark to the right. A bold royal crown surmounts the shield. The circular Latin legend runs along the beaded inner border, partially visible on this irregularly shaped flan.
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Obverse lettering PHILIPPVS II DEI GRATIA
(Translation: Philip II by the grace of God)
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Additional information

Felipe II's Cuenca mint was among the least prolific of the Castilian silver producers in this period, operating with chronic underfunding and periodic suspensions that make dated examples genuinely difficult to attribute with precision. The assayer marks from Cuenca's 2 reales output in these decades are not always cleanly struck, which has historically complicated catalog attribution — Cal#457 sits at the intersection of several overlapping die marriages.

Felipe II standardized the silver content of Castilian coinage via the 1566 Pragmática, the same ordinance that fixed the fineness reflected in this piece's composition.

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