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2 Pfennig - Offenbach Karl Ruland
| Issuer | Karl Ruland (Offenbach am Main) |
|---|---|
| Year | |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Mark (1914-1924) |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Log in to see details |
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| Engraver(s) | Log in to see details |
| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
| Obverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Reverse description | Log in to see details |
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| Reverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Edge | Plain |
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| Mintage | Log in to see details |
| Additional information |
Karl Ruland operated as a merchant in Offenbach am Main and issued private token coinage — Notgeld in the older sense — to address small-denomination shortages that plagued local commerce intermittently through the 19th century. Offenbach, a manufacturing hub on the Main river closely tied to the leather and metalworking trades, saw numerous such private issues from local businesses filling gaps left by official coinage. Zinc was a practical choice: cheap, workable, and universally understood as a token material rather than a medium of intrinsic value.