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2 Marks
| Issuer | Polska Krajowa Kasa Pożyczkowa (Polish State Loan Bank) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1916 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | 2 Marks (2 Marki) |
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| Obverse description | Multicolour note printed in red, green and black; the left half is dominated by an elaborate intaglio vignette of the crowned Polish White Eagle set within a red oval cartouche, framed by ornate baroque scrollwork, floral garlands and crossed anchors. The denomination title DWIE MARKI POLSKIE appears in large red letterpress lettering across the top right panel, beneath which the guarantee text of the General-Government of Warsaw, the date 9 grudnia 1916, and two large black numeral 2s flank a central red oval seal bearing the eagle and denomination. An anti-counterfeiting warning in small text runs along the lower margin. |
|---|---|
| Obverse lettering | DWIE MARKI POLSKIE Rzesza Niemiecka przyjmuje odpo- wiedzialność za spłatę Biletów Polskiej Krajowej Kasy Pożyczkowej w Markach Niemieckich po cenie nominalnej. Zarząd Generał-Gubernatorstwa Warszawskiego Warszawa, dn. 9-go grudnia 1916r. Kto podrabia lub fałszuje bilety Polskiej Krajowej Kasy Pożycz- kowej, albo puszcza w obieg lub usiłuje puścić w obieg podrobione lub fałszowane bilety, podlega karze ciężkiego więzienia. (Translation: Two Polish Marks The German Reich holds responsibility for repayment of the Loan Bank tickets in German Marks for face value. Management general of Warsaw's governorship Warsaw day 9th December 1916 Those who counterfeit or forge notes of the Polish State Loan Bank, or circulate or attempt to circulate counterfeit or forged notes are punishable by severe imprisonment.) |
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| Comments |
The Polska Krajowa Kasa Pożyczkowa was a creation of the German occupation administration, established in 1916 to issue a parallel currency across the German-controlled General Government of Warsaw — a deliberate instrument for separating the occupied Polish territories economically from the Russian ruble zone. The Mark issues that followed were tied to the German Mark at par, effectively integrating the region into German wartime finance rather than Polish economic autonomy.
S. Manitius was a well-established Łódź printing house, pressed into service under occupation conditions. Local production kept logistics manageable but imposed real constraints on paper quality and press consistency — something collectors notice across the 1916 series.