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160 Réis - José I Light Type - Lisbon Mint
| Issuer | Casa da Moeda de Lisboa (Lisbon Mint) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1768-1776 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | JOSEPHUS.I.D.G.PORT.REX.E.B.D. 17 68 160 (Translation: José, by the Grace of God, King of Portugal and Lord of Brazil.) |
| Reverse description | The central field features a large armillary sphere with clearly rendered meridian rings, parallels, and ecliptic band, rendered in bold relief and occupying the majority of the die area. Superimposed over the sphere is the cross of the Order of Christ — a broad, plain-armed cross pattée — whose arms extend to the periphery of the coin, dividing the surrounding legend into four segments. The circumferential inscription SVBQ. SIGN. NATA. STAB., meaning 'Born under a steady sign,' is distributed between the arms of the cross, separated by pellet stops. The entire design is contained within a reeded border. |
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| Additional information |
José I's monetary reform of 1755 — the same year the Lisbon earthquake killed tens of thousands and leveled much of the city — forced a complete reorganization of Portuguese coinage. The "Light Type" designation distinguishes this issue from the heavier earlier series, a deliberate weight reduction carried out as the crown struggled to stabilize finances during the immense cost of rebuilding Lisbon under the Marquis de Pombal.
Pombal's grip on the mint was absolute during this period; he had effectively sidelined the king following José's withdrawal from active governance after the 1758 Távora assassination attempt left him deeply shaken.