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Æ16 - Philip III

Issuer Kingdom of Macedonia
Year 323 BC - 310 BC
Type Standard circulation coin
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Reverse description A Macedonian kausia helmet depicted in three-quarter frontal view, its rounded dome and broad brim rendered in bold relief at centre, flanked by cheek-guards on either side. Below the helmet, three upright javelins or spears are shown in a row, evoking the military character of the Macedonian state. The Greek royal legend Β Α (abbreviation of ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ, 'of the King') appears divided to left and right of the helmet group. A kerykeion (caduceus) is positioned to the right of the central device, serving as a mint or magistrate symbol, while a monogram appears to the left.
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Additional information

Philip III Arrhidaeus was Alexander's half-brother, kept largely hidden during Alexander's lifetime due to an intellectual disability — possibly the result of a deliberate poisoning attempt by Olympias when he was a child. He was proclaimed co-king immediately after Alexander's death in Babylon in 323 BC, a figurehead manipulated by successive regents: first Perdiccas, then Antipater, then Polyperchon. Bronze civic coinage issued under his name served the practical needs of a Macedonian economy that continued functioning despite the chaos of the Diadochi wars swirling around him.

He was executed on Olympias's orders in 317 BC, though coinage continued to be struck in his name until the regency finally collapsed around 310 BC.

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