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12 Kreuzer - Anselm Francis of Ingelheim
| Issuer | Archbishopric of Mainz |
|---|---|
| Year | 1691-1692 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | 12 Kreuzers (2⁄15) |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Quartered shield bearing the arms of Mainz (argent, a wheel gules) and Ingelheim, surmounted by an ecclesiastical prince's crown, flanked on either side by palm branches. The shield is rendered in high relief with fine engraving detail. The peripheral legend reads in Latin around the coin, identifying the issuer as Archbishop of Mainz. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Reverse description | Central five-line inscription within the field, displaying the denomination, date, and mintmaster's initials in bold Roman lettering. The design is simple and typographic, consistent with the small silver coinage of the late seventeenth-century Holy Roman Empire. No pictorial devices are present; the legend is the sole decorative and informational element on this face. |
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| Additional information |
Anselm Franz von Ingelheim became Archbishop-Elector of Mainz in 1679, inheriting a see still recovering from the devastation of the Thirty Years' War and subsequently the French occupation of Mainz in 1688 under Louis XIV. The 12 Kreuzer was a workhorse denomination in the fragmented currency landscape of the Holy Roman Empire, and issues from the Mainz mint during this period reflect the financial strain of rebuilding church and civic infrastructure after Bourbon military incursions had gutted the region.
The two-year span of this issue — 1691 to 1692 — coincides with the War of the Grand Alliance, when the Rhine territories were under sustained military and economic pressure.