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1/2 Karshapana - Rano Siri Satakarni

Issuer Satavahana Dynasty
Year 201 BC - 1 BC
Type Standard circulation coin
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Obverse script Brahmi
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Reverse description A large Ujjain symbol — comprising a central circle with four radiating arms each terminating in a circle — dominates the field, rendered in a bold and deeply incuse style. Four smaller subsidiary symbols are distributed in the quadrants surrounding the central Ujjain motif, a common arrangement on early Deccan punch-marked and cast coinage. The overall composition is characteristic of Satavahana-era religious and dynastic iconography, with the symbols likely carrying cosmological significance.
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Additional information

Rano Siri Satakarni is among the more obscure rulers in the Satavahana succession, and attributing coinage to specific kings within this dynasty remains genuinely contested — the regnal sequences proposed by different scholars vary enough that the same coin can shift by a century depending on whose chronology you follow. The Satavahanas issued punch-marked and cast copper issues alongside these lighter fractional pieces, partly to serve trade networks linking the Deccan to both the western ports and the eastern coastal routes.