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11/2 Falus - Muzaffar Shah II

Issuer Sultanate of Gujarat
Year 1512-1526
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Value 11/2 Falus (1⁄48)
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Obverse description Hammered copper flan bearing a multi-line Arabic legend disposed across the field in three registers, executed in a bold, somewhat coarse relief characteristic of Gujarat Sultanate copper coinage. The inscription, struck on an irregularly shaped planchet, fills the entire face with no border or decorative framing element. The lettering is deeply cut though unevenly struck, with patinated green surfaces obscuring portions of the text. The overall style reflects the provincial hammered tradition of early sixteenth-century Gujarati mints.
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Edge Rough
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Muzaffar Shah II ruled Gujarat at a moment of acute geopolitical pressure — the Portuguese had seized Goa in 1510 and were actively disrupting the Arab-Gujarati trade networks that funded the sultanate's treasury. The copper fractional coinage of this reign reflects administrative continuity under strain, issued from a state still wealthy enough to maintain a functioning mint system even as its maritime revenues eroded.

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