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1000 Pesetas

Issuer Banco de España
Year 1874
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Value 1000 Pesetas (1000 ESP)
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Obverse description Central vignette of a standing figure of the goddess Athena to the left, accompanied by a portrait vignette of the Spanish painter, sculptor, and architect Alonso Cano Almansa. The note carries the issuing authority's title, denomination, and date of issue in letterpress, with spaces for three manuscript signatures of the Governor, Auditor, and Cashier.
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Reverse description Four oval cameo-style allegorical female portrait vignettes arranged horizontally across the centre, printed in lilac on a fine guilloche underprint in orange-gold. The ornate border incorporates the issuer's name vertically on both sides, with the denomination numeral "1000" at the base and the series inscription across the top.
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Comments

The Banco de España's 1874 series was issued during one of the most turbulent stretches in nineteenth-century Spanish monetary history — the First Republic had just collapsed, the Bourbon Restoration was imminent, and the bank was simultaneously navigating the Carlist War's drain on the treasury. High-denomination paper like this 1000 Pesetas was exposed to all of that instability simultaneously.

Domingo Martínez was among the first generation of Spanish engravers working domestically on high-value state paper rather than contracting the work abroad, as earlier issues had done. The three manuscript signatures — a requirement of the series — mean that no two examples are identical in the strictest sense.

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