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100 Pesos First Cuban Railroad
| Issuer | Banco Nacional de Cuba |
|---|---|
| Year | 1989 |
| Type | Non-circulating coin |
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| Obverse description | The obverse features the Cuban national coat of arms — a shield displaying a golden key between two promontories above a rising sun, a royal palm tree in the lower right, and diagonal blue and white stripes — superimposed upon a five-pointed star in the center field. A laurel and oak wreath frames the lower portion of the central device. The circumferential legend reads 'REPUBLICA DE CUBA' along the upper arc and 'BANCO NACIONAL DE CUBA' in a secondary arc below it, with the denomination '100 PESOS' inscribed along the lower rim. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | The reverse depicts a detailed engraving of a 19th-century steam locomotive in profile facing right, rendered on a section of railway track with surrounding vegetation, occupying the central field. Above the locomotive, a stylized key symbol and a small five-pointed star appear in the upper field, with the year '1989' inscribed beneath them. The circumferential legend 'l50 ANIV. DEL 1er FERROCARRIL HISPANO-AMERICANO' curves around the upper border. Below the locomotive, the inscriptions 'HABANA-BEJUCAL', '1837-1987', and 'CUBA' are arranged in three lines, while 'ORO FINO 1 OZ. 0,999' is distributed along the lower arc, attesting to the coin's fineness and weight. |
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| Additional information |
Cuba launched this series to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the first railway in Latin America — a line built not for passengers or national development, but to haul sugar from inland plantations to the port of Havana. The railroad predated Cuban independence by decades and was financed largely by the planter class, making its celebration by a revolutionary government an ideologically awkward choice that the state navigated by framing it as a triumph of Cuban labor.
The Banco Nacional issued several denominations in this series simultaneously, with the one-ounce gold piece aimed squarely at the foreign collector market — hard currency being a chronic pressure point for the Cuban economy throughout the late 1980s.