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10 Yuan Bank of China
| Issuer | Bank of China |
|---|---|
| Year | 1935 |
| Type | Standard circulation banknote |
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| Obverse description | Central intaglio vignette of the Confucius Temple gate at Taishan Mountain, Shantung, rendered in deep rose-red tones and framed by ornate guilloche rosettes bearing denomination numerals in the flanking panels. The bank title 行銀國中 is inscribed across the top centre, with the regional designation 山東 to the upper right and denomination 拾圓 repeated at left and right. Two manuscript signatures appear along the lower margin beneath the primary vignette. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Central intaglio vignette of a fortified hilltop structure, rendered in rose-red and framed by elaborate guilloche scrollwork. BANK OF CHINA arches across the top, with the promise-to-pay legend flanking the upper vignette border, denomination numeral 10 set within guilloche ovals at left and right, and TEN YUAN NATIONAL CURRENCY across the centre. SHANTUNG and JANUARY 1935 are inscribed along the lower margin. |
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| Comments |
The Bank of China was reorganized in 1928 under Nationalist government authority, shifting from its earlier role as a foreign exchange and note-issuing bank under the Beiyang regime to a more narrowly defined international trade and exchange institution. By 1935, it was one of only four banks still permitted to issue notes under the fabi currency reform introduced that November — the same reform that nationalized silver and forced its surrender to the government. This note entered circulation at precisely the moment the old commodity-backed system was being dismantled.
Thomas De La Rue's London production meant the physical note stock was vulnerable to wartime supply disruption; Japanese naval and air pressure on shipping routes after 1937 complicated the resupply of printed currency from British printers, pushing the Bank of China toward alternative sources for later issues.