10 Tornesi - Ferdinando I

Historical Context: This 10 Tornesi coin, issued in 1819, hails from the nascent Kingdom of the Two Sicilies under Ferdinando I. Following the tumultuous Napoleonic era and the Congress of Vienna, Ferdinando, previously Ferdinand IV of Naples and III of Sicily, formally unified his realms in 1816. This period marked a restoration of Bourbon rule and an attempt to consolidate power after decades of French influence and occupation. The 10 Tornesi, a low-denomination copper coin, was vital for everyday commerce in a kingdom grappling with economic recovery and the establishment of a unified monetary system.

Artistry: The design of this coin reflects the prevailing Neoclassical aesthetic of early 19th-century European mints, albeit with a practical simplicity suited for common copper coinage. While specific engraver signatures are not typically found on these utilitarian issues, the style is characteristic of the Neapolitan mint under Ferdinando I. The obverse features a dignified, laureate bust of Ferdinando I, often rendered with a sense of regal authority. The reverse typically displays the denomination "DIECI TORNESI" and the date within a wreath, composed of olive and oak branches, symbolizing peace and strength.

Technical/Grading: As a large copper issue (31.19g, 39mm), this coin type is particularly susceptible to wear and environmental damage. For grading, high points on the obverse include Ferdinando I's hair, the laurel wreath details, and the highest points of his ear and nose. On the reverse, sharpness of the lettering for "DIECI TORNESI" and the date "1819" is crucial, as is the definition of individual leaves within the surrounding wreath. Collectors should also assess the planchet quality for signs of corrosion, pitting, or significant contact marks, which are common for circulating copper coinage of this size and era.