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10 Euros Frederick II
| Issuer | Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Federal Republic of Germany) |
|---|---|
| Year | 2012 |
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| Currency | Euro (2002-date) |
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|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Reverse lettering | 300. GEBURTSTAG FRIEDRICH II. IN MEINEM STAATE KANN JEDER NACH SEINER FAÇON SELIG WERDEN 1712-1786 (Translation: 300th birthday of Frederick II. In my state everyone may pursue their own happiness 1712-1786) |
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This issue commemorates the 800th anniversary of the birth of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor — a ruler whose court at Palermo functioned as one of medieval Europe's most sophisticated intellectual centers, drawing Arab, Greek, and Latin scholars simultaneously. His contemporaries called him stupor mundi, "the wonder of the world," and the Church excommunicated him four times. He launched a Crusade while still excommunicate and negotiated Jerusalem back through diplomacy rather than siege, which scandalized virtually everyone.
The copper-nickel variant was the circulation issue; a sterling silver version was struck concurrently for collectors.