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1 Yuan North Hupeh Farmer's Bank
| Issuer | North Hupeh Farmer's Bank (鄂北農民銀行) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1931 |
| Type | Local banknote |
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| Obverse description | Central oval vignette bearing a portrait of Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin), bald and bearded, rendered in a woodcut or letterpress style typical of early Chinese Soviet-era printing. The bank title 鄂北農民銀行 (North Hupeh Farmer's Bank) is inscribed in a horizontal panel at the top, with the denomination 壹圓 (One Yuan) repeated in ornamental cartouches on the left and right. The date 一九三一年月 (1931) appears in the left margin, and the phrase 永遠通用 (valid in perpetuity) is inscribed in the right margin, with a small panel of text below the portrait vignette. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | The reverse is printed in reddish-brown ink and carries dense columns of Chinese text arranged in vertical script, comprising proclamations and regulations associated with the North Hupeh Soviet authority. A large rectangular seal or chop impression in red ink occupies the central area, surrounded by further lines of political slogans and monetary conditions. The border is formed by a repeating floral or cloud-scroll pattern, with the numeral 1 in the upper corners. |
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| Comments |
The North Hupeh Farmer's Bank was one of several short-lived rural credit institutions established by the Chinese Nationalist government in the late 1920s and early 1930s to extend agricultural financing into provinces where the central banking network had no real reach. Hupeh (Hubei) was contested territory in this period — the Communist-controlled Ö-Yu-Wan Soviet region pressed into its northern counties from roughly 1930 onward, and many of these provincial farm banks operated under genuine military pressure, their note circulation disrupted or abruptly terminated as control of market towns shifted.
The 1931 date places this note at the peak of that instability. Surviving examples are scarce, almost certainly because the issuing infrastructure collapsed before redemption could be organized.