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1 Yuan Bank of Pei Hai
| Issuer | Bank of Pei Hai (北海銀行) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1944 |
| Type | Local banknote |
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| Obverse description | Printed in red-brown on an uncoloured background, the obverse carries a central vignette of farmers with a laden cart set against a mountainous landscape with trees, enclosed within an ornate guilloche border. The bank title 北海銀行 (Bank of Pei Hai) appears across the top, with the denomination 壹圓 (1 Yuan) displayed in large characters at centre-left and right, and the regional designation 膠東 (Jiaodong) at the lower corners. Serial number prefixed C appears twice at upper centre, flanking the bank title. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Printed entirely in red-brown, the reverse is dominated by a dense, repeating guilloche underprint pattern across the entire field, interspersed with floral rosette ornaments at the corners and centre sides. The romanised bank name BOXAI INXANG is set in bold letters at the top, with the large numeral 1 at centre, the regional designation GIAO DUNG below, and the date 1944 at the foot. |
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| Comments |
The Bank of Pei Hai was a Communist-controlled regional bank operating in the Shandong-Bohai border region during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Its notes circulated in areas under the direct administration of the Shandong branch of the Chinese Communist Party, functioning as instruments of economic control in contested territory rather than through any conventional banking infrastructure. The bank issued notes aggressively from the early 1940s to stabilize prices and displace both Japanese Military Yen and Nationalist currency in the areas it controlled.
Survival rates for wartime Communist regional issues are generally poor — paper quality was low and redemption after Liberation was not always systematic.