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1 Yuan Bank of China

Issuer Bank of China
Year 1919
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Value 1 Yuan = 1 Dollar
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Reverse description Predominantly salmon-red and green note with an elaborate central guilloche rosette bearing the denomination ONE YUAN in bold letterpress within an ornate cartouche. The top of the reverse carries the English bank title BANK OF CHINA in an arched legend, with numeral 1 in each corner. Two manuscript signatures appear at the lower left and right, with the branch overprint HABBIN MANCHURIA and a serial number printed in red at the bottom centre.
Reverse lettering BANK OF CHINA
ONE YUAN
HABBIN MANCHURIA
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Comments

Bank of China had been reorganized under Republican government control just a few years before this note was issued, following the 1916 crisis in which Yuan Shikai's government attempted to suspend convertibility — triggering a public panic that the Shanghai and Beijing branches famously defied by continuing to honor redemptions on their own authority. That act of institutional resistance gave the bank unusual credibility at a moment when most Chinese paper currency was regarded with deep suspicion.

The American Bank Note Company's involvement reflects a deliberate policy of sourcing security printing abroad to sidestep the limitations of domestic facilities and, more practically, to reassure a skeptical public through visibly foreign production standards.

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