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1 Xerafim - Pedro Prince Stars around cross, Goa mint
| Issuer | Casa da Moeda de Goa |
|---|---|
| Year | 1681-1683 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Crowned Portuguese royal arms shield set within an arched architectural frame, the shield quartered with the arms of Portugal and displayed in the characteristic style of the Goa mint. The mintmaster's initials G-A appear in the left and right fields flanking the central shield. A beaded or rope border encircles the design, with a legend running along the outer periphery in Latin script. |
|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | G-A |
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| Additional information |
The xerafim was the principal silver denomination of Portuguese India, and by the 1680s its production at Goa had become entangled in a chronic shortage of bullion. The mint relied heavily on melted foreign trade silver — primarily Dutch and Arab coinage flowing through the Malabar coast — which introduced inconsistencies in fineness that the Casa da Moeda struggled to control. Pedro's regency issues, struck before his formal accession as Pedro II in 1683, occupy a transitional administrative moment: the coins were authorized under a prince-regent whose legal status as sovereign was deliberately ambiguous.
The Gomes varieties PR 07.11 and 07.12 are distinguished by star count around the cross, a detail that likely reflects successive die replacements rather than any intentional monetary distinction.